Conservation Report

Luddenden Conservation Area - Appraisal and Management Plan

Draft April 2013

Conservation Report - Religion and Non-Conformism

Conservation Report - Education

Conservation Report - Local Administration

Conservation Report - Location and Topology

Conservation Report - Key Characteristics

Conservation Report - Key Buildings

1. Introduction

What is a Conservation Area?

A conservation area is defined in the legislation as an ‘area of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance’ (Section 69 of the Town and Country Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990).

Our heritage and sense of place are closely linked to the communities where we live and work. Conservation areas are introduced in order to help protect this sense of place. Without controls over alterations and development, the special character of these places would be likely to alter unacceptably over time.

Conservation area designation brings with it extra controls which cover: Demolition of buildings;

Minor developments such as porches, extensions, satellite dishes and boundary walls; and

Works to trees.

This helps to safeguard the historic and architectural character and quality of places and neighbourhoods.

It is important to remember that the character and appearance of a conservation area is not only defined by its buildings, but also by the spaces between buildings, its trees and open areas, and the activities which take place there.

It is recognised that change is inevitable in most conservation areas and it is not the intention of the designation process to prevent the continued evolution of places to meet changing demands. The challenge within conservation areas is to manage change positively, in a way that sustains, reinforces and enhances the special qualities of the area.

Please see the appendices for further details on the legislative framework in relation to conservation areas and details of what designation means in terms of additional planning controls, p54.

What is an Appraisal?

A conservation area appraisal defines and records what makes a particular place an “area of special architectural or historic interest” . It will help to provide a better understanding of the physical development of the area and what makes it significant.

An appraisal informs local planning policies and guides development control decisions in relation to applications both within, and affecting the setting of, the conservation area. It will, in turn, help to reduce uncertainty for those considering investment or development in the area. An appraisal also guides the enhancement of the appearance of the area by providing the basis for improvement and sustainable decisions about the future of the conservation area through the development of management proposals.

Please note: An appraisal of a conservation area can never be completely comprehensive and the omission of any mention of a particular building, feature or space should not be taken to imply that it is of no interest.

The Conservation Area Boundary

Luddenden Conservation Area was designated on 26th February 1973.

2. Historic

Development

Luddenden Timeline

800

0BC - 4000BC Mesolithic Period, when small communities of people found their food on the hills and moors around the Luddenden valley.

1274 First Wakefield Manor Court Roll mentions Flints Luddenden Corn Mill for grinding corn from the and tools from this period have been found locally.

Warley side of Luddenden.

4000BC - 2000BC Neolithic Period when humans

1310 First mention of Midgley Corn Mill (sited at

became farmers and started clearing woodlands Brearley) for grinding corn from the Midgley side

around Luddenden. Polished stone axe and flints of Luddenden.

from this period have been found locally.

1379 Permission given for the Lord’s Mill ( corn 2000 BC - 800BC Bronze Age. Many remains of mill), Warley (the one mentioned in 1274) to be flints, f uneral urns and bronze tools found locally.

moved to Luddingdene.

800

BC Iron Age commenced. Banked settlement 1374 The Black Death (bubonic plague) killed encl about 40% of people in Luddenden.

osure on Tower Hill above Luddenden, and 2 beads from continent found in centre of

Luddenden.

1440 Onwards. Location of woollen industry in

Yorkshire moved from around York to Pennine

78AD Romans under Julius Agricola constructed areas. Dean Mill built 1440, along with 3 others

road from Mancunium (Manchester) to Olicana in the next 100 years.

(Ilkley) which crossed the River Calder at

Tenter fields and went up past Butts Green and 1460 Richard, Duke of York, gives permission along the top of the Luddenden valley. Roman for a Chapel of Ease to be built.

coin hoard found up Halifax Lane, and a nearby burial.

1496 Licence granted for a priest to say mass.

600A

1518 Packhorse routes from Bradford (down

D Luddenden valley began to be colonised by Anglo-Saxons, who established settlements Stocks Lane) and from Halifax (down Halifax

locally and gave them Anglo-Saxon names.

Lane) into Lancashire met in Luddenden. The

Luddenden was given the name Luddingdene - wooden bridge was replaced by the present

the clearing ( ing) in the valley (dene) of the loud stone bridge.

river (Ludd).

1535 Archbishop Cranmer granted letters for a

1086

Both Midgley and Warley mentioned in the chapel to be built on the present site, named St.

Domesday Book. The Luddenden Brook in the Mary’s Chapel. Not known when Church was centre of the village was the boundary between actually built but shown on map of 1599.

the tw o townships.

1598 Peel House, the oldest known house still in

use in Luddenden, was built.

1599 First map of Luddenden produced by

Christopher Saxton for a court case concerning

water rights.

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1601 A second map of Luddenden also 1760 Act of Parliament passed to construct

produced by Christopher Saxton.

turnpike road along the bottom of the Calder

Valley. This was completed by 1781, and 1624 St. Mary’s Church given full parochial signalled the beginning of the end of packhorse right traffic using the route through Luddenden.

s, including marriage and burials.

1643-44 Battle of Luddenden during the civil 1776 Luddenden library opened in Old Swan Inn war, when parliamentary troops attacked the (now the Lord Nelson).

Holli

ns. Heptonstall also attacked by Royalist troo 1787 First Methodist preaching house opened on

ps from Halifax, but were defeated.

site of present children’s playground at the bottom Parliamentary troops chasing the Royalists back to Halifax broke the Luddenden of Halifax Lane.

Chur chyard cross and font.

1812 Ebenezer Wesleyan Methodist Chapel built

1600s Luddenden Valley was one of the at the bottom of Halifax Lane.

richest places in the country, as yeoman

clothi ers sold textiles all over this country and 1814 First St. Mary’s Church demolished and present Church completed two years later.

expor ted to Europe. They built some of the

finest houses in the Luddenden area during 1823-1825 New Road cut out from Carr Field to this time.

the top of Old Lane by people receiving Poor Law

relief.

1689 Parliament passed the Toleration Act, whi

ch removed penalties against non- 1825 First school built, by public subscription and conf ormist Christians and allowed licensing of the Church of England National Society.

their meeting houses. The Calder Valley in

general became very strongly non- 1827 Cold Edge Dam Company set up and built conf ormist.

three dams on moors above Wainstalls, as

Luddenden Brook not able to supply sufficient 1690 Warley Grist Soke (the compulsion for water to all 11 mills in the valley.

all grain grown in Warley Township to be ground at Luddenden Corn Mill) was 1837 A split occurred amongst the Wesleyan aboli shed.

Methodists, and half the congregation left to build

a Free Methodist Chapel across the road, at the 1705 Churchwardens at Luddenden reported

junction of Halifax Lane and High Street.

they had not had a Minister for 6 months, as the combination of a depression in woollen 1842 St. Mary’s Vicarage built on Halifax Lane.

manu facture and the competition from non-

conformist dissenters meant they could not 1847 John Murgatroyd built first mill at Oats pay a high enough stipend.

Royd. During the next 40 years, more sheds to

house different processes were built, such that by 1725 Area began to produce fine worsteds 1890, it was one of the largest worsted instead of the coarse kersey cloth.

manufacturers in the West Riding.

1745 Tradition states that one of Bonnie Pri

nce Charlie’s troops on the way back to

S

cotland from the defeat at Derby was hidden and given shelter at the Wolf Inn in Luddenden by a maid, herself a Scottish girl,

who then helped him escape.

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1848 Local Boards formed as administrative 1961 Ebenezer Wesleyan Methodist Church units for Luddenden. Midgley Local Board for closed down and amalgamated with St. James

that part west of the river (formerly in Midgley United Methodist Church (as the former Free Tow nship) and Warley Local Board for that Methodist Church was now known) to become part east of the river (formerly in Warley Luddenden Methodist Church.

Tow nship).

1973 Luddenden Conservation Area established.

1863 A proposal was put forward to build a

Luddenden Valley Railway, but this never 1974 Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council transpired, due to difficulties over a level set up as new administrative unit for Luddenden, crossing across the main Calder Valley road from the old Halifax Borough and all the at Luddenden Foot.

surrounding smaller councils.

1872 A new school was built at the junction of 1975 Luddenden Conservation Society formed.

High Street and New Road. This became the

Infants’ School, and the previous school took 1982 Oats Royd mills, the main employer in

juniors through until school-leaving age.

Luddenden, closed down after 135 years

production of worsted.

1894 Midgley and Warley Urban District

Cou ncils formed as successors to Local 1989 A large fire destroys part of Oats Royd mill.

Boards.

2003 Luddenden Car Park constructed by the 1900 Warley Urban District Council absorbed Conservation Society.

into t he Borough of Halifax.

2011 After 224 years of witness, the Methodist

1903 Free Methodist Chapel decided their Chapel closed down. This was the last non- premises were not big enough, so a new conformist chapel in the Luddenden valley.

larger chapel opened at the junction of High

Street and New Road.

2011 After a number of successes in the

Yorkshire in Bloom competition, Luddenden is

Mid-1920s First bus service up Luddenden declared winner of the Village section of Britain in Lane and New Road to Midgley.

Bloom.

1939 Midgley Urban District Council

amalgamated into Sowerby Bridge Urban

District.

1950 Calder High School opened, and took all secondary age children from Midgley side of

Luddenden Brook. Previously, many had

stay ed at local schools until leaving school.

Origins

The areas around Luddenden have been inhabited for as long as humans have been around. Round about 7000BC, the ice that had covered large parts of Britain during the Ice Age melted to leave a land which was populated by a small number of communities. These people of the Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age wandered around on the surrounding hilltops, and found their food by hunting animals, fishing and collecting berries and fruits. Collections of flints and tools have been found locally on all the nearby hilltops.

The Neolithic period lasted from about 4700BC until 2000BC. Land began to be cleared for permanent residents, and animals began to be grazed in a similar way to the way they are grazed today. Sheep and cattle were kept and early varieties of pigs. A polished stone axe was found at The Hollins, just up Halifax Lane.

From 2000BC onwards, bronze implements and tools began to appear, originating initially from the Eastern Mediterranean, Spain and Germany. These were carried over developing trade routes, and it is probable that such a route came along the Calder Valley, through Luddenden and Midgley. Houses and enclosures were made of wood. Important figures were buried in round burial mounds, or barrows. There are many Bronze Age remains in the Luddenden valley. In a field next to Greave House, two funeral urns were discovered, containing burnt bones. There are a number of barrows on Midgley Moor, and one was found at Castle Carr.

Iron Age people built banked enclosures inside which they built their houses and kept their animals, and two of these existed on the hillside above Luddenden, one at Tower Hill and another at Moor End.

Banked enclosure of the type at Tower Hill

The Romans were also commonly found in the area. A Roman road came over Blackstone Edge from Manchester (Mancunium) to Ilkley (Olicana). From Sowerby, it came down to the present Tenterfields industrial estate, crossed the River Calder by a ford, then went up John Naylor Lane, past Butts Green and along the top of the valley. Two Roman coins were discovered also at The Hollins, and no fewer than nine coin hoards have been found within a radius of two miles of the ford. A burial was also discovered at Magson House.

Luddenden received its name from the Anglo-Saxons, who established settlements in the valley during the seventh century. Its original name was Luddingdene - the clearing (ing) in the valley (dene) of the loud river (Ludd).

Mediaeval Luddenden

Although Luddenden itself is not mentioned in the Domesday Book, both Midgley (Miclei) and Warley (Werlafsley) are. The Luddenden Brook (River Ludd) in the centre of the village is the boundary between the two townships and, right up to the formation of the Borough of Calderdale, was the boundary between Halifax and the Sowerby Bridge Urban District. Warley Township and Midgley Township were differently governed, however, as the Lord of the Manor of Wakefield, in which both were situated, sub-let the Manor of Midgley. This allowed them to have their own courts to settle small matters, and they also had their own Township officials.

Land was gradually brought into cultivation by clearance of the moorland. Here, people kept their cattle and grew their own corn. All corn grown in the two townships had to be ground at the Manorial Corn Mill, and the Warley Corn Mill was possibly the earliest in the area. It is mentioned in the first Wakefield Manorial Court Rolls in 1274. Its whereabouts is not accurately known, although it was possibly on land across the river near the confluence of the stream from Ive House and the Luddenden Brook. There is a small packhorse bridge there, and the remains of a dam. In 1379, however, wherever it was situated, it was no longer able to cope with the amount of corn being grown, and permission was given for “the Lord’s Mill to be moved to Luddingdene”.

In 1379, the Black Death arrived, and about 40% of the population of Luddenden and the Luddenden Valley died in this outbreak.

Agriculture and Industry

As more and more land was taken in from the moorland, some families became very wealthy (the Saltonstall family from Upper Saltonstall at the top of Luddenden Dean became extremely wealthy, and one, Sir Richard, in 1597 became Lord Mayor of London - Luddenden’s own Dick Whittington). Round about 1440, the textile industry (which had previously been situated around York and in Norfolk) began to move into Pennine areas. This was partly due to the abundance of running water from the hillside streams, which were able to power the water wheels, and also the fact that the Lords of the Manor of Wakefield did not insist on outrageously high rents when people applied to build mills using this water power. Thus, it became both more convenient and economically advantageous for the industry to be situated here. As a consequence, families that had already accrued some wealth from their lands now started to put it into this new industry. At all levels, a dual economy started to exist.

The people at the top of the pyramid, those with money, bought in the wool, put it out to those lower down to spin and weave into cloth, built fulling mills, where the cloth was finished, before then being dyed and finally sold. They also continued to run their farms, and wealth was accrued from both sources. Lower down the pyramid, the labourers were not able to live entirely on one source of income or the other. In addition to their textile trade earnings, they kept small plots of land on which they grew food for themselves and also kept the odd pig or cow.

In 1599, a dispute had erupted regarding water rights from the Luddenden Brook.

The two antagonists were Henry Farrar and Michael Foxcroft who both had a fulling mill at Luddenden Foot. It was alleged that Foxcroft took water from the brook higher upstream, thus diverting water from Farrar’s mill and stopping it working. The most eminent mapmaker of his time, Christopher Saxton, was engaged to produce two maps of this area for a lawsuit - one in 1599 which showed the area from Luddenden Foot right to Luddenden village, and the second in 1601 which only came about half way from Luddenden Foot, to the head of Foxcroft’s goit through which the water had been diverted. The 1599 map clearly shows about 14 houses in Luddenden at that time, as well as the first Church built on the present site of St. Mary’s.

The area gradually became extremely rich, as can be seen from the high number of large, well-built 17th century houses in the Luddenden area. From the top of the valley to the bottom, a distance of no more than about 3 miles, there were over a hundred of these houses, reputedly more than any other comparable area in the country. Within the village itself or very close by, there was 51 High Street (now demolished), the Lord Nelson Inn, Box House, the Wolf Inn (now demolished), Hartley Royd, White Birch, Yellow Birch (the original now demolished), Upper and Lower Stubbings, Peel House, Benns, Eaves House, Dean House, Oats Royd, Broadfold (the original now demolished), Ive House, all within five minutes of the village centre.

By the middle of the 18th century, about three quarters of the male population were working in the textile industry. Initially, the product had mainly been a coarse cloth called kersey, but from about 1725 onwards, much finer worsted cloth began to be produced. Towards the end of the 18th century, many improvements to the machinery used in the cotton industry in Lancashire occurred, and these were taken up by the woollen industry. At the beginning of the 19th century, however, the industry was dominantly unchanged in that the weaving was all done on hand looms in the home from yarn which had been spun elsewhere. In the early 1840s, John Murgatroyd realised that the future of the industry lay in large mills powered not by water but by steam. In 1847, he built his first mill at Oats Royd, and during the next 40 years, this was gradually extended. All the processes needed were brought onto one site, and by 1890 it was one of the largest, integrated worsted manufacturers in the West Riding. This was by far the largest employer in the area, and there was scarcely a family that did not have some connection with the mill. There were other textile manufacturers in the area, but none were as successful as Murgatroyd’s, and many were taken over and incorporated into the dominant firm. The firm closed down in 1982, and part of the mill was burned down in a huge fire in 1989. During the years between 2005 and 2010, the mills have been converted into apartments, and a new block constructed on the part of the site which burnt down to approximate in looks to the mill as it was before the fire.

There have also been firms producing goods other than worsted textiles. Some mills produced heavy woollens such as blankets or materials for coats; whilst Dean Mills, on which site stood the first fulling mill in 1440, had totally converted to paper making by 1850. This closed down in the 1930s. The Luddenden Corn Mill, in the centre of the village, carried on corn milling and malting until 1890. It was bought in 1899 by Lindleys for the manufacture of nuts and bolts, but part was leased out during the first part of the 20th century as a sewing shop for making ready-made clothing, and also part for wool sorting. The manufacture of nuts and bolts continued until 1985.

Early roads and transportation

From the very beginning, Luddenden has been of importance because of its siting on important trade routes. Thousands of years before there was a route along the bottom of the Calder Valley, the routes from Bradford and Halifax, Huddersfield and beyond, met at Luddenden, where there was an easy ford across the river. The former came down Stocks Lane and the latter down Halifax Lane. After crossing the river, the route continued by way of Midgley, Mount Skip and down into Hebden Bridge to cross the River Hebden, then up to Heptonstall and on to Burnley and beyond. It would appear that by the early 16th century, the old wooden bridge at Luddenden, which had replaced the original ford, was getting somewhat the worse for wear. In 1518, a Halifax man, Richard Stanclyfe bequeathed “to the byldyng of Luddyngden brige xL (i.e. £10) if so be they take upon hand to bilde the brigge of stone”. Suffice to say - they did! The importance of Luddenden was shown by two milestones, one at Five Lane Ends, above Warley, which gives the distances to Halifax and Luddenden, and a similar one which used to be situated on the Halifax to Keighley road near Ogden, and gave the distances to Bradford and Luddenden.

As the road through Luddenden was one of the main packhorse routes, it was important that it was kept in a passable state, and people occupying land at the side of the road were responsible for its upkeep. After the Napoleonic wars with France, there was a great deal of unemployment and distress. In a ‘job creation scheme’ for people from Midgley Township who were on Poor Law relief, the local Overseer of the Poor from 1823 - 1825 organised the cutting out of New Road between Carr Field and the top of Old Lane. The latter had always been difficult for packhorses to climb, particularly in rainy or icy conditions, and this new road greatly eased the situation.

An Act of Parliament was passed in 1760 to construct a turnpike road along the bottom of the Calder Valley, and this was finished by 1780. This fairly rapidly reduced the amount of packhorse traffic coming along the old traditional route, which gradually withered away completely.

The area was further opened up to the wider world when the Leeds and Manchester Railway (later Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway) was constructed, and a station was opened at Luddendenfoot in 1841. This eventually closed in the 1960s, much to the disapproval of people in the locality. In the 1930s, groups of young people from Luddenden would regularly catch the 5.45pm train on a Saturday evening to go dancing in the Tower Ballroom or Winter Gardens in Blackpool. A train then left Blackpool at 12.30am and arrived in Luddendenfoot at 4.30am. The first bus service to Midgley from Halifax started in the mid-1920s, and this opened the area up even more.

First bus to Midgley climbing Solomon Hill

Finally, the arrival of mass transportation using the motor car has led to a complete change in the population of the village. Whereas most people resident in the village until as late as the 1960s had lived here or nearby for most of their lives, and either worked locally, probably at Oats Royd or certainly seldom further away than Halifax or Hebden Bridge, now Luddenden is mainly a commuter village. Very few houses possess somewhere to garage a car, and all the roads are full with parked cars in the evenings and at weekends.

Midgley and Luddenden Valley Methodist Church

Archaeological Interest

Luddenden is of LOW/MEDIUM archaeological interest, as there is only little potential for gaining more information about sites and older properties which may still be present or which may have now disappeared. There is potential that the location and possible remains of the first 13th century Luddenden Corn Mill could be found, although this may be outside the Conservation Area boundary, to the south of Bluebell Walk, where there are the remains of an old dam, and a packhorse bridge crosses the river. It is also possible that as work is carried out on some of the older buildings, more details regarding their construction may be discovered, as, for example, the cruck beam in number 10, High Street (see page 29) or the timber framing in the walls of Box House barn (page 32). The churchyard would also be of significant archaeological interest.

Architectural Interest

Luddenden and the surrounding area is of HIGH architectural value. There are said to be more houses of 17th and 18th century origin in the Luddenden Valley than any other comparable area in the country. The housing well-represents the local vernacular style in all periods from the 17th century onwards. In the earlier buildings, such as the Lord Nelson Inn or Old Oats Royd, there are large stone slate roofs with large chimneys and many mullioned and transomed windows. Others represent the 18th century, and there are large numbers of 19th century houses, many of interest.

The terrace of Church Hill is an excellent example of weavers’ cottages, with long windows on the first floor to assist the hand loom weaving. Up New Road, though by no means unique in the Calder Valley, there is a row of back-to-back houses, reached on one side by a gallery around the end of the terrace, together with underdwellings. Later 19th century housing, though relatively common and not of particular interest, contributes much to the character of the Conservation Area.

Artistic Interest

There are no large sculptures or historic landscaped public parks or gardens within the Conservation Area, so the artistic interest is not very high. However the village, with its houses all huddled together on various levels of the hillsides, together with the views of the waterfall and river in the centre, have often led to both artists and photographers making it a subject of their work. For the same reason, it has often been a place where films and television series or programmes have been filmed, most notably with the series In Loving Memory, starring Thora Hird. Recently the erection, by the Luddenden Conservation Society, of two ‘heritage’ features in the 18

centre of the village, which have incorporated a wheel drive from Oats Royd Mill and part of the 17th century Corn Mill into small gardens, have provided much interest.

These, therefore, give it a LOW interest.

Historic Interest

The village of Luddenden is at the heart of a valley and surrounding moorland which have been inhabited for at least the last 10,000 years, if only temporarily and probably seasonally for the first 6- 7000 years. The moors and surroundings have yielded important finds dating back to the beginning of that time, and the area is a microcosm showing mankind’s advance from its most primitive origins through successive periods to the present day. The valley and the village at its heart are of particular importance in showing the gradual industrialisation of the textile industry in Britain from its early beginnings. The area has come through periods of prosperity in the 17th and 18th centuries, resulting in the enormous number of yeomen’s houses of those periods in both Luddenden and the valley. In the 19th century, developments in the textile industry led to Britain’s predominance in the manufacture of woollen and cotton textiles, and the siting of one of the largest integrated textile mills in Yorkshire in the village. This led to the development of much housing in the village for its workers. The subsequent closure of the mill in the 1980s, and the recent use of its buildings for housing, have meant that the area is an excellent example showing the rise and fall of industry in Britain.

The development of rural life through these times has also led to the area being a microcosm of life in other ways. For many thousands of years, important highways linking Yorkshire with Lancashire came through Luddenden, providing a good communications network. Like many northern industrial areas, the valley became a stronghold of religious non-conformity following the Toleration Act in 1688. The area is very representative in showing the rise and fall of religious dissent, with a total of 7 non-conformist chapels at the end of the 19th century, two of which were within the Conservation Area, but all of which have now closed down or disappeared.

Whilst none of these give Luddenden a very high historic value, they nevertheless mark it down as a place of MEDIUM/HIGH historic interest.

Setting and Landscape Quality

The setting and interaction of buildings and spaces within the Conservation Area are as important as the buildings themselves. The harmonious relationship between the green spaces within and around the Conservation Area and the built form of the village is seen as particularly important, as one enhances the other, forming a unique character.

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Open Spaces and Key Views

To quote the booklet ‘Luddenden Conservation Area - A Policy of Preservation and Enhancement’ published by Calderdale MBC on the setting up of the Conservation Area in 1975, “There is an exceptionally close relationship between the tightly enclosed village and the surroundings and penetrating fields or woods which has survived to the present day. A major feature of the townscape is small, enclosed spaces which occur throughout the village linking serially to one another, and affording brief glimpses of the countryside beyond. They are the essence of the character, and this would be lost if they are opened out”. This still holds, and it is essential that the number of these spaces is not eroded by allowing unsuitable development to take place.

A number of open spaces lie within the Conservation Area - the playground and rear grassed area at the bottom of Halifax Lane, the garden by the bridge in the village centre, and the area including the car park across the road, the old graveyard in front of St. Mary’s Church and the extensive council-owned graveyard behind, the grassed area in front of the houses at Duke Street, as well as many extensive garden areas in the village centre and on both sides of the road at the top of High Street. These are all important features which add greatly to the Conservation Area.

The view from the top of New Road, looking down over Box House and the village to the east, and up the Luddenden valley to the north, is particularly fine. The surrounding fields provide an important context to the rural nature of the village.

They are a constant reminder of its isolated position, although simultaneously showing the extension of the village up Stocks Lane in the 19th century. Similarly, the view over the village from below the Old Vicarage on Stocks Lane shows off the older village centre, and the similar extension up New Road on the west side of the valley. These views perfectly encapsulate the stark beauty of a workaday village deeply set in a Pennine valley, with the hills all around, and are indeed the essence of Luddenden.

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4. Character Areas

Luddenden is not uniform in character; different parts of the town developed at different times, have different types and styles of buildings and spaces, and perform different functions. The Conservation Area can therefore be subdivided into distinctive character areas, as follows:

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Village Centre

This area includes High Street and the lower part of Stocks Lane, St. Mary’s Church, Church Hill and Box House. It contains the original part of the village, with all the earliest houses, the shops that once existed and almost all the listed buildings. None of the buildings in this area are later than Victorian.

Until the beginning of the nineteenth century, Luddenden was in an important position on the packhorse routes from Bradford and Halifax through into Lancashire.

These met in the centre of the village, the former coming down Stocks Lane and the latter down Halifax Lane. The route then crossed the Luddenden Brook, over a stone bridge which was built in 1518. The route continued up Old Lane, which is still a setted highway, on to Midgley, Hebden Bridge, Heptonstall and beyond into Lancashire. Box House, up Old Lane, is possibly the oldest house in the village and contains the remains of timber frames in some of the walls. Other 17th century buildings include the Lord Nelson Inn (1634), and 10/11/12 High Street (The Coach House). Old Lane, whilst still open to vehicular traffic, still retains its stone setts, and is a good example of an early highway. Other buildings which are listed in this area include St. Mary’s Church and various surrounds, houses along Church Hill, Bridge House, various houses along High Street (numbers 16/17, 23, 24, 25 and 34) and the old Luddenden Junior (National) School. Not listed, but other buildings or structures of interest in this area include the Free Methodist Chapel, Apple House Terrace and Riding Head Lane, the Chapel in the cemetery, Laurel Bank, the Old Vicarage and the old slaughterhouse all up Stocks Lane, the horse trough at the junction of Stocks Lane and High Street, Church House (the old Murgatroyd Arms), the bridge over the river, the War memorial, Box House, 21 Richmond Terrace with the steps down to a former cellar dwelling, the ex-Methodist Church and the old Luddenden Infants School and attached house.

Summary of Important Features and Details -

Village Centre

Intimate setting of the built vernacular.

A large cluster of older traditional buildings in the local vernacular styles.

Regular coursed stone walls with mainly stone slate roofs and regular chimneys.

Many stone-mullioned windows and some ashlar details.

Many stone setts and stone flagstone paving.

Boundary walls of natural stone.

Early C19 church with chest tombs, C17 cross base and shaft and listed Victorian bridge into well-kept graveyard.

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Spatial Analysis

Small enclosed spaces which occur throughout the village, link serially one to another. These afford brief glimpses of the countryside beyond, which are the essence of the character of Luddenden. This would be lost if trees were removed to extend the views, or development was allowed to block them.

Summary of Important Features and Details - New Road & Duke Street

A number of terraces of housing, all built in the local vernacular style of the second half of C19.

Regular coursed stone walls, with blue slate roofs.

Stone flagstone paving.

Boundary walls built of stone.

Spatial Analysis

Small enclosed spaces which occur throughout the village, link serially one to another. These afford brief glimpses of the countryside beyond, which are the essence of the character of Luddenden, and which would be lost if they were opened out.

Key Buildings

Carr Well (listed grade II) - Originally two cottages, now made into one. Built early in C19 and is of coursed squared stone, with a stone slate roof and flat faced mullions. For many years around the mid C20, it was used as the local doctor’s surgery, which was then resident in Carr Field House (now demolished).

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1 - 3 and 4 - 8 Duke Street (listed grade II) - Situated in two blocks. No. 1 was for many years a public house (Travellers Rest), but has now been made into one house with no. 2. No. 3 is still a separate dwelling. Nos. 4-8 occur as a second block, and were renovated around 1980, with a small extension for a kitchen area being built along the rear of the whole row.

Originally dating back to late C18/earlyC19, they are all of two storeys, with squared stone, stone slate roof and flat-face mullions. They all have mainly 5-light windows with mullions on the second storey, consistent with their use for hand loom weaving at home.

Thorn View - A typical terrace of houses in a hilly Pennine area. Originally, they were back-to-back, with an entry to the front house on New Road, entry to the rear house along a gallery around the side and back, and with an underneath house entered from the other side of Thorn View to the east. No. 3 originally also had a cellar dwelling, the entry to which can still be seen down a flight of steps.

Hill Crest - Although a modern building, constructed in 1934, the house is of interest as it originally belonged to the Luddenden and District Nursing Association and housed the District Nurse. The money needed to build the house was raised by public subscription.

Wesley Villa - Constructed in 1873, this house was originally the Manse (minister’s house) for the Ebenezer Methodist Church (now demolished) at the bottom of Halifax Lane. The two front windows are 3-lights, whilst all the others are two-light, all with chamfered mullions. There is a blue slate roof, with much detail in the lintels, and the house still has a setted driveway.

The Old Co-operative Society Store - The Luddenden and District Co-operative store was on New Road, just above the junction with High Street. There is a date stone and Co-op motto on the top; 1868 Man Know Thyself. The Luddenden and District Co-operative Society was taken over by the Midgley Co-operative Society in 1932. There was originally a shop on the corner of New Road and High Street, and this gained nationwide exposure when it was used as a funeral parlour in the filming of the popular TV series In Loving Memory, starring Thora Hird. A courtyard is still present in the centre of the complex.

An opening on the north side allowed horses to be taken through into the stables which were situated there.

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Thorn Bank - Originally a mill owner’s house, Thorn Bank was constructed around 1840. It has recently been split up into three separate apartments, the coach house has been converted into a dwelling, and a house has been built in the garden. The photograph shows the house prior to this building work in 2008.

Current Condition and Use

Almost every building in this area is in good condition and in full use. Whilst a small number of houses have been constructed in recent years, all are of stone and very much in keeping with the remainder of the area. There are one or two areas where more development could take place, and if this should happen, it is imperative that it should be sympathetic to the area. As in other parts of Luddenden, parking of cars on the road causes problems, as does the excessive speed of some cars.

Open Spaces and Trees

Coming up New Road and along Duke Street, there are many spaces where glimpses can be caught of the opposite side of the Luddenden valley, and these should be preserved at all costs. There are also a number of trees present, and where these are in front of houses, a balance must be kept between the needs of the owner and any other people affected, and their aesthetic effect.

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Carr Field and Halifax Lane

This area lies to the south end of the village, at both west and eastern sides of the valley. Within this area, almost all the post-war development of houses has taken place. On the western side of the valley, the original Carr Field House was demolished in 1974, to make way for the Carr Field Drive estate. Built of local stone, the houses fit in well with the surroundings. In the centre of the village, the Lindley’s Beauvoir Works site has given way to the Bluebell Walk development. Also constructed of stone, these have also been well designed to fit in with the surroundings. The oldest of the small estates is the Highfield estate at the bottom of Halifax Lane on the eastern side of the valley. Originally built by the Sowerby Bridge Urban District Council just after the Second World War, almost all the houses are now in private ownership. This post-war Council housing was built from buff-coloured bricks which is preferable to a red brick which would have clashed with the local vernacular, as happened in other nearby areas. Some of the access roads are laid with stone setts which help the estate to blend in better with the rest of the village.

Summary of Important Features and Details -

Carr Field and Halifax Lane

Modern housing built of local natural stone.

Stone setted access roads.

Boundary walls built of stone.

Key Buildings and Structures

Because of the nature of this area, there are fewer key buildings or structures.

The Old Mill - This building was part of the old Corn Mill across the road, which has been demolished. It has now been converted into apartments, but again serves as a reminder of our industrial past. The lintel to the Corn Mill proper is now part of a heritage display constructed by Luddenden Conservation Society across the road. It dates back to 1633, when the mill was rebuilt by Henry Murgatroyd and his wife Jane. The lintel has the date 1633, initials HMI and WS (possibly Warley Soke - the exclusive right to grind corn grown in the township of Warley).

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Entry to Former Ebenezer Methodist Chapel - The former Ebenezer Methodist Chapel was demolished in 1961. The entry to the Chapel and what was formerly two houses which were attached to the Chapel, but now converted into one, are still present, across the road from the playground. Like the other two ex-Methodist Chapels, they serve as a reminder of the part the Methodist Church played in northern industrial areas. The graveyard to the Chapel is around the back of the houses and is still open to visitors.

Industrial Heritage Feature - At the bottom of Halifax Lane, the Luddenden Conservation Society has constructed a second industrial heritage feature. From Oats Royd Mills, which for over 150 years provided the bulk of the employment in the valley, comes the wheel drive. Power from coal-powered engines was transmitted to all floors of the mill by belts from the wheel.

Again, this is a reminder of Luddenden’s industrial past.

Current condition and uses

As almost all the houses are of relatively recent construction, they are in good condition. Because of the Conservation Area status of Luddenden, they have all been built in a sympathetic manner, and if any more building takes place, this must be continued.

Open spaces and trees

The village playground is at the bottom of Halifax Lane, and is heavily used. Much of the small amount of equipment on it has been provided by the Luddenden Conservation Society and Mayor’s Committee. All the grassed area at the rear of the playground is of very high amenity value as it forms an attractive backing to the playground with mature trees, particularly in spring when the daffodils are in flower, therefore should remain as green open space and not be developed.

This area contains most of the tree cover in Luddenden, and quite a number have tree preservation orders on them. These are part of the charm of the village, and care must be taken that they are looked after in a manner acceptable both to nearby property owners and the general public.

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Open Spaces Area

The Open Spaces area comprises all the land at the northern end of the Conservation Area. This stretches from Railes Close and New Road at the western side of the Luddenden Brook across to Stocks Lane at the eastern side. This is made up of farmland at the western side, and the cemetery and allotments at the eastern side. Mention has already been made of the small enclosed spaces occurring throughout the village, affording brief glimpses of the countryside beyond.

The Open Space area is crucial in allowing a vista of the upper reaches of the Luddenden Valley towards Booth. This is all currently classified as green belt, and it is important that this designation should be preserved in the future.

Pepper Hill Field is located due west of Church Hill between the High Street/village centre and Duke Street/Railes Close. This field separates the hamlet which is centred on Duke Street/Bethel Terrace from the distinct village envelope of Luddenden proper. The separation of these two settlement areas appears to date from the late 18th century. The Duke Street area stands on the valley terrace above the main village and was formerly centred on a mill (now demolished) which fronted Old Lane. It formed the southern end of the Ailsa Lane/Oats Royd Mill/Booth settlement string, which has historically been separated from the valley bottom settlement by continuous green fields. This separation divides the earlier water-powered mills along Mill Lane on the River Ludd from the later steam-powered mills of the hillside terrace above.

Pepper Hill Field and the field to its south are separated by Old Lane. This ancient packhorse track was the main thoroughfare of the Calder Valley until the later part of the 18th century and is an essential element in the history of the valley's development. At this eastern end of the route, most of its path has now been rebuilt as a modern road, and Old Lane is one of the few sections remaining which illustrate the track’s original size and character. With its steep and narrow cobbled way defined by the high stone walls alongside the field sides, Old Lane survives in what was essentially its original condition and retains considerable atmosphere. The character of the track makes apparent the difficulties of adapting a packhorse way for intense road usage and illustrates the need for such facilities as New Road, while its route demonstrates the reasons why Luddenden village was developed at its base. The fields and walls to each side are significant features of Old Lane, itself of great importance in the context of Luddenden village and of the wider area.

Pepper Hill Field and the field to the south of Old Lane are key features in the history, setting and visual appeal of the Luddenden Conservation Area. The retention of these features as open space is therefore essential to the preservation of the Conservation Area’s special character.

Summary of Important Features and Details -

Open Spaces Area

Significant views of the upper reaches of the Luddenden Valley.

Rural character emphasised by continuous green fields.

High stone walls along Old Lane, field boundaries and stone setts.

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5. Boundary

Review

Luddenden was first designated as a Conservation Area in 1973, and at that time, a booklet entitled ‘Luddenden Conservation Area, A Policy of Preservation and Enhancement’ was produced by Calderdale MBC. Much has changed since that time, and it is the duty of the planning authority to carry out a re-appraisal of the Conservation Area from time to time.

The main change to the character of the area relates to housing developments.

When Luddenden was designated a Conservation Area in 1973 the Highfield housing already existed (post-war) and was included in the Conservation Area. The Carr Field Drive area was a derelict garden to an older property. The Bluebell Walk area was, at that time, a former industrial area. It is likely that due to these areas being within the Conservation Area at that time, it resulted in higher quality, attractive developments using natural stone. It was queried that this new development may not be classed as of special architectural or historic interest. Luddenden Conservation Society consider that the extra control that Conservation Area designation brings is very valuable to protect these modern high quality housing estates from being degraded in any way. Therefore it is recommended that the boundary remains the same as the original 1973 boundary.

Luddenden Conservation Society are also keen to consider a small extension to the Conservation Area to include the recent Carr Field Drive extension and the Bluebell Walk extension. However guidance in the National Planning Policy Framework states:

“127. When considering the designation of conservation areas, local planning authorities should ensure that an area justifies such status because of its special architectural or historic interest and that the concept of conservation is not devalued through the designation of areas that lack special interest”.

Therefore such an extension is not recommended.

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6. Management

Proposals

Luddenden village is an attractive and thriving place. There are, however, a number of features and issues which currently detract from its special character. Addressing these issues offers the opportunity to enhance the Conservation Area. Positive conservation management will ensure the ongoing protection of Luddenden’s special character.

Management Issues

The following assessment of the Conservation Area shows which features and details in particular are being retained and preserved, and where there are the greatest issues and threats to the historic character of the area.

Strengths

The area has retained its village character by concentrating new developments on land within the Conservation Area which was previously used for industrial purposes (e.g. the Bluebell Walk development), or to sites which previously contained a large house with large grounds (e.g. the Carr Field estate or at Thorn Bank). New development has not been permitted by relaxation of green belt restriction.

The listed buildings include examples from a variety of periods and building types, and generally retain a high degree of traditional features and details.

The predominant and traditional building material is natural stone and slate, which provides a degree of uniformity throughout the Conservation Area.

Some of the original large stone flags, boundary walls and stone setts have been retained in many parts of the village.

The small enclosed spaces which occur throughout the village, affording brief glimpses of the countryside beyond, have not in most cases been lost by allowing unsuitable development.

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Weaknesses

Many traditional doors and windows have been removed, including many mullions.

Inappropriate mortar, pointing styles, and clutter on elevations are undermining the group value of buildings.

Alterations to chimneys throughout the Conservation Area negatively impact on the skyline.

On-street car parking dominates the appearance of the village, and the speed of cars coming down both sides of the valley into the village is quite inappropriate for the roads.

Opportunities

Better decisions by stakeholders (including property owners, developers, Planning Services, Highways etc.) through reference to the limits of the Conservation Area, the character appraisal and increased communication with the Conservation Team.

Working with property owners to make better informed, good practice decisions in relation to work on their property, perhaps by providing a guidance leaflet to be delivered to all houses.

Bringing the old butchers shop and slaughterhouse, and other vacant buildings back into use.

Threats

Continued removal of traditional features and details from buildings.

Uninformed decision-making in relation to planning applications, enforcement cases, listed buildings, highways management and trees that detract from the special character of the area.

Loss of historic street surfaces and traditional character within the village.

Underuse/non-use of buildings.

Loss of character to the historic built environment due to inappropriately designed developments, such as dormer windows or end of terrace extensions.

Installation of satellite dishes and solar panels can have a negative impact on a traditional stone or slate roofscape.

Loss of rural character and setting due to the pressure of potential new development on sensitive green field sites.

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New Development

It is important to note that conservation area designation is not intended to prevent change, but to manage new development in ways that preserve and enhance the special historic qualities of the area. To be successful, any future development within the Conservation Area needs to be mindful of the distinctive local character of Luddenden. New buildings or extensions should reflect the general pattern of buildings, as well as their scale and massing, and be respectful of important views, vistas and open spaces which protect the setting of the historic village core and are an important feature of the area.

Although future development needs to have a high regard for the local character of the village, good contemporary design may be appropriate. English Heritage promote the idea of new development in conservation areas being ‘of their time’, and sometimes, contemporary design can sit better in the historic environment than a copy of one particular historic period, especially if the area is made up of historic features from different eras. The use of local natural materials is a very distinctive characteristic of this area, and can help a new development of modern design to assimilate into the historic environment, as has happened with the Carr Field and Bluebell estates.

Successful new developments in historic areas should:-

Relate well to the geography and history of the place, and the lie of the land.

Sit happily in the pattern of the existing development and routes through and around it.

Respect important views.

Respect the scale of neighbouring buildings.

Respect historic boundary walls and retain historic garden plots.

Use materials and building methods which are at least as high in quality as those used in existing buildings.

Create new views and juxtapositions which add to the variety and texture of their setting.

(Based on CABE and English Heritage publication ‘Building in Context: New Development in Historic Areas’, 2001).

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New Residential Development

The 1973 document ‘Luddenden Conservation Area - A Policy of Preservation and Enhancement’ highlighted the following issues regarding new residential development. In the village, a few bungalows and houses have been erected on large vacant plots. These have tended to dilute the compact nature of the village by introducing a scatter of suburban forms such as on New Road.

The post-war Highfield estate does not integrate so well in terms of massing, grouping, form and materials (although the buff brick is better than red brick). The skyline effect of Railes Close is also not ideal.

In order to avoid similar issues in the future, new developments should be in accordance with the following principles:

1. New individual buildings should be appropriate to the homogenous character of the village in terms of massing, grouping, form, materials and landscaping.

2. New groups of buildings should conform with the existing pattern of settlement in terms of their massing, grouping, form, scale, setting, materials, landscaping, boundary treatment etc.

3. A high quality of design is of greater importance than adherence to any set of rules. A style which uses traditional vernacular elements or a modern design of appropriate scale, massing, materials following the above principles may be appropriate.

Listed Buildings

The Department of Culture, Media and Sport, through English Heritage, are responsible for the listing of buildings which are of special architectural or historic interest. Listed building consent is required from Calderdale Council for any work that affects the special character or appearance of a listed building. This applies to internal as well as external works.

There are 30 listed buildings or structures in the Luddenden Conservation Area, all of which are protected by the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. This aims to preserve the character and appearance of listed buildings when alterations are being considered. It is important to note that any adverse or inappropriate changes to listed buildings in Conservation Areas not only affect the special character of the building, but may also impact on the character and appearance of the Conservation Area.

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The Protection of Unlisted Buildings

There are many buildings and features in the Luddenden Conservation Area that are not listed but contribute greatly to its townscape value and historic appearance.

These buildings are subject to increased planning control within the Conservation Area. That protection is based on the presumption against demolition; however, other alterations could be made to them which could damage the character of the Conservation Area. Generally, many minor changes can be made without the need for planning permission and in some cases, this has already occurred. The retention of natural stone and original features of buildings and streetscape are crucial to the protection of Luddenden’s special character. The degree to which buildings have retained their original features or contain sympathetic replacements is an important factor in preserving and enhancing the special historic character and appearance of the Conservation Area.

Enhancement Proposals

There are very few sites which make a negative contribution to the Conservation Area. However, enhancements could be made to individual properties to better respect the very attractive historic character of the area using the following Design Guidance.

Design Guidance

Many unlisted buildings contribute substantially to the character of Luddenden Conservation Area. Legislation helps to protect them from demolition; however they are still under threat from inappropriate alterations to original period details. Some minor changes, such as replacing windows and doors, can be made to dwellings in conservation areas without the need for planning permission and this guidance is intended to try to encourage owners to recognise the heritage value of their properties in order to best preserve and enhance them, and potentially increase their financial value.

Please note the following are recommendations based on best practice and are for guidance only. Details of the additional controls in Conservation Areas that are required by the legislation are given in the appendices on page 54.

Windows & doors - The loss of original architectural details, including windows and doors, through the upgrading of properties is undesirable and should be avoided. Often the replacement doors and windows are uPVC or other non-traditional substitutes. This is a major factor in Luddenden Conservation Area and has been particularly prevalent in recent years with the increased interest in property renovation.

Thus, original windows and doors should be retained and repaired wherever possible. Where replacement is necessary, the traditional design for a particular building should be retained, with particular attention to matching the position and dimension of glazing bars and opening lights. Glazing bars of original Victorian windows are usually more slender and elegant than modern replacements, and replacing windows in uPVC should always be avoided.

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Sliding sash windows should be retained wherever possible and not replaced with different materials or with top-hung windows which cause a loss of character to the Conservation Area. Any mullions should also be retained, and side-hung casements should have flush frames rather than protruding, storm-proof detailing. All windows should be positioned set back from the outside face of the wall in a ‘reveal’ of 100-150mm to protect from weathering and improve their appearance.

Dormer windows are not generally part of the character of this village. There are very few original dormer windows in Luddenden, and in future there should be a general presumption against them.

Windows should have either an off-white paint finish or a dark rich colour.

Staining timber windows is not traditional and should be avoided. Ideally, external paintwork should be renewed every 5 years.

The rising interest in, and importance of, energy reduction has led to an increase in the installation of double glazing. Double-glazed timber windows can be obtained and are always preferable to plastic.

Panelled timber doors or part-glazed timber doors are traditional in Luddenden; plastic doors and mock Georgian fanlights should be avoided.

Chimneys - These should be retained at their full height as they are a significant feature in views of the village as a whole and the roofscape in particular.

Roofs - The traditional roofing materials are local stone slates (normally on the older buildings) and natural blue slate. The retention of these materials is desirable and if new slate is being used, it is important to select a material that is a similar colour, size and thickness to slate already in use in the village.

It is noted that local natural stone slate can be difficult to obtain and in some cases other materials could be used, however, it is advisable to first contact the Conservation Team to discuss the possibility of suitable alternatives.

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Walls - In Luddenden, building walls are mainly of natural stone and in most circumstances this should not be painted, but left to its natural finish. Where buildings have been painted in the past, paint can often be carefully removed to good effect. Extensions should normally be in the same type of stone as the original building - usually coursed gritstone and sandstone. The depths and detailing of the coursing is important and should also be carefully considered for new buildings. Cladding and rendering are not normally encouraged.

Pointing - The purpose of pointing is to bond the stonework of a building, keep rainwater out and allow moisture to evaporate. Open joints and deteriorated pointing allow water ingress and can cause structural instability.

Traditional buildings were designed to ‘breathe’ so it is important to use lime mortar which is permeable and allows easy evaporation. The mortar should always be slightly softer than the stone. The work should be carried out by an operative that has experience in the use of lime mortar, as it requires more care and skill than cement pointing.

Pointing should always be less pronounced than the stone it bonds; it should be finished flush or very slightly recessed, depending on how sharp the edges of the stone are.

Cement mortar should not be used as water cannot pass through the impermeable joints and becomes trapped in the stonework.

As the water freezes in winter it expands and causes the surface of the stone to fall away. Over time this can cause significant damage.

Strap or ribbon pointing should never be used as it is generally applied in damaging cement mortar, it obscures a large surface area of stone, it traps water close to the stone and it is not historically accurate.

Rainwater goods and other external pipework - Traditional timber gutters and cast-iron downpipes contribute to the character and appearance of the Conservation Area and it is best to repair or replace them on a like-for-like basis, rather than with non-traditional materials such as uPVC. Traditionally rainwater goods have been painted black.

Paint - It is advisable to use traditional paint colours such as dark, rich colours that were often used on the shop fronts, windows and doors of Victorian buildings. A wood stain finish is not generally traditional and is considered inappropriate. If staining timber, a subdued mid or dark brown colour is best and any ‘reddish’ wood stain should be avoided.

Materials

Natural materials dominate the built environment of Luddenden in terms of elevations, roofs and boundary walls, making a major contribution to the character and appearance of the Conservation Area. Where traditional materials exist, these should be retained and reused; where they do not exist, the opportunity could be 47

taken to introduce them where appropriate, such as when road and footpaths are resurfaced, and where new boundary walls are constructed.

To protect and enhance the Conservation Area, careful and sympathetic use and choice of materials is needed for new developments. It is good practice to use materials and building methods which are at least as high in quality as those used in existing vernacular buildings. The effect of badly chosen materials or unsympathetic design will be likely to have a negative impact on the area.

Highways and the Public Realm

The public realm is the area between buildings and includes open spaces, streets and pavements. Some parts of the public realm are an attractive feature of the Conservation Area, such as the small car park and garden area just over the bridge on the Warley side in the centre of the village. However, there are a number of negative factors within the public realm, particularly poor quality street lighting columns. The Luddenden Conservation Society has provided enhancement kits to upgrade many of the newer lighting columns, but there are still a number of older columns, some of which are made of concrete. A replacement scheme could be drawn up by Calderdale Council and the Conservation Society together to gradually phase out and replace these older columns with enhanced newer columns.

Traditional paving surfaces generally only remain in a few areas and it may be appropriate to re-introduce them in selective situations, such as to enhance the setting of a key listed building, or to strengthen the character and appearance of significant routes. The loss of existing historic paving materials such as stone setts should be very strongly resisted.

The need for highway and public realm development and maintenance appropriate to the status of a conservation area is often a key issue. Calderdale Council is fortunate to have been able, with assistance from external funding, to invest in high quality street works in some conservation areas and will undoubtedly take any opportunity that emerges for further enhancements of this nature in the future.

There are a number of green open spaces in the Conservation Area which contribute significantly to its character and appearance and it is considered important to ensure that these areas are retained and where possible enhanced. It would be beneficial to review the planting in some of these areas and to work with owners to ensure appropriate landscaping and maintenance is sustained.

River walkways - any future developments should try to incorporate public footpaths at the side of the rivers where possible. This will help to consolidate the already good network of paths and help the development of tourism.

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Views

Views are significant in terms of the character of the Luddenden Conservation Area. Expansive views across the area are of particular importance and include those within the Conservation Area; those from within the Conservation Area looking out; and those looking into the Conservation Area from outside it. Such views must be given due regard when considering proposals for development and should be protected from inappropriate development that would detract from them. See also Section 3.

The Setting of the Conservation Area

It is important that development around the Conservation Area does not harm its setting. Any development in or around Luddenden village which affects the setting of the Conservation Area should have regard to views into and out of the Conservation Area; the setting of positive buildings and features; and the character of the landscape. Appropriate design and materials should be used in developments adjacent to conservation areas.

Article 4 Directions

Article 4 Directions can be introduced by a local authority to protect significant traditional features or details which are considered to enhance the character and appearance of the conservation area. These features are often under threat and therefore at risk of gradual loss.

Article 4 Directions give the Council powers to control development that would normally be allowed without the need for planning permission, but which would lead to an erosion of the character and appearance of the conservation area. They work by removing permitted development rights from specific buildings, thus allowing control over changes to elevations, boundaries, roofline or materials where they contribute to local character.

If introduced, an Article 4 Direction would mean that planning permission may be required for all or some of the following:

Formation of a new window or door opening; Removal or replacement of any window or door; The replacement of painted finishes with stains on woodwork or joinery; Painting previously unpainted stonework; Installation of satellite dishes; Addition of porches, carports and sheds; Changes of roof materials; Installation of rooflights & solar panels; Demolition of, or alteration to, front boundary walls or railings.

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It is not proposed to introduce any Article 4 Directions at present but this situation can be reviewed.

Development Briefs for Significant Sites

It is recommended that the more significant development sites are provided with a development brief, subject to public consultation. Development briefs would provide an element of certainty as well as being a useful source of information for potential developers, residents and others with an interest in the sites. They would also provide information as to the aspirations for a site, and should include guidance with regard to preferred scale, height, massing, building orientation, materials, and landscaping. On major sites, the Council uses a Development Team approach and the requirements are available on request.

Underused and Vacant Buildings

It is important that the buildings in the Conservation Area are fully used and economically viable. This in turn secures their regular maintenance.

Local Services

There are very few services left in Luddenden. The main one of significance is the Lord Nelson Inn. It is important to maintain and support this service for the community. Planning applications involving the loss of local services need to demonstrate that there is no need for the facility; that there is no reasonable prospect of the business being viable; and that efforts to retain the facility, perhaps through community ownership, have been unsuccessful.

Energy Performance and the Historic Environment

Awareness of climate change has increased the need for properties to improve their energy efficiency by decreasing their carbon emissions and use of fossil fuels. The retention and reuse of heritage assets avoids the material and energy costs of new development. Insulation and energy conservation should be encouraged in the first instance, with consideration being given to micro-generation equipment and renewable energy after other feasible solutions have been discounted.

As conservation areas and listed buildings can be sensitive to this form of development, every care should be made to ensure that the installation of items such as wind turbines and solar panels sit comfortably in the historic environment and are sympathetic to their context. Where permission is required, it must be ensured that the installation of micro-generation equipment on a property will not have a negative impact on the special character and appearance of the conservation area.

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Other Issues

The guidance on conservation areas from English Heritage, ‘Understanding Place: Conservation Area Designation, Appraisal and Management’, March 2011, suggests that the Management Plan could include the following:

Regeneration Strategy Street and Traffic Management Trees, Open Space and Green Infrastructure Strategy Enforcement and Remediation Strategy

However there are no detailed proposals in relation to these issues within Luddenden at the current time.

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7. Community

Involvement

The first draft of this appraisal was prepared by the Luddenden Conservation Society with advice offered from Calderdale Council’s Planning Services.

The appraisal will be useful when planning applications are being assessed and will include proposals to protect and enhance the conservation area. It is important that you look at the document as it could affect your property.

The draft appraisal can be viewed at St Mary’s Church, Luddenden from the 24th April to the 5th June 2013 between 9.00am and 5.00pm. You can also view the plans and ask Council Officers any questions you may have, on the following dates and times at St Mary’s Church: Wednesday 1 May 2013 - 5.30pm until 7.30pm Thursday 9 May 2013 - 3.00pm until 5.00pm Friday 10 May 2013 - 9.30am until 11.30am Saturday 11 May 2013 - 10.30am until 11.00am followed by a public meeting which will finish at 12.00pm

Alternatively, you can view the appraisal online from Wednesday 24 April 2013 at www.calderdale.gov.uk/environment/conservation/conservation-areas/luddenden

You can send us your comments by email to Sheena Campbell by 5th June 2013: sheena.campbell@calderdale.gov.uk

For further information, please contact: Sheena Campbell, Kate Peach or Lauren Clarkson Conservation Team Planning Services Calderdale Council Northgate House Halifax HX1 1UN

Tel: 01422 392268

All responses received through the consultation period will be evaluated and the appraisal amended in light of the comments raised. The appraisal will be taken to Calderdale Council’s Cabinet for approval and adoption.

Once adopted, the Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan will be a material consideration in the determination of all planning applications within the area, or outside the area where its setting may be affected.

It is intended that Conservation Area Appraisals are reviewed every ten years.

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8. Bibliography

Bull, M. (2010) Calderdale Companion: http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~calderdalecompanion/mmn35.html (15/9/2010)

CABE & English Heritage (2001) - ‘Building in Context: New Development in Historic Areas’, CABE: London

Caffyn, Lucy (1986) - ‘Workers’ Housing in West Yorkshire’, HMSO: London Calderdale MBC (2006) - The Replacement Calderdale Unitary Development Plan, Calderdale Council: Halifax

Collinge, R (2012) - ‘Nonconformist Chapels of the Luddenden Valley’, private publication, phone 01422 885141

DCLG (2010) - Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment: Historic Environment Planning Practice Guide, HMSO: London

English Heritage (2011) - ‘Understanding Place: Conservation Area Designation, Appraisal and Management’

Hey, D. (2005) - ‘A History of Yorkshire: County of Broad Acres’, Carnegie Publishing: Lancaster

HMSO (1990) - Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, HMSO: London

The Conservation Team would like to thank the Luddenden Conservation Society for their production of the first draft of this document including research, photographs and survey work.

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9. Appendices

Additional Controls in Conservation Areas

Conservation area status provides the opportunity to promote the protection and enhancement of the special character of the defined area. Designation confers additional controls over development that may damage the area’s character.

Broadly, the main additional controls that apply in conservation areas are as follows: Demolition of buildings - the total or substantial demolition of any building exceeding 115 cubic metres requires conservation area consent.

Demolition of walls - the demolition of any wall exceeding 1 metre in height (if next to a highway or public open space) or 2 metres in height elsewhere requires conservation area consent.

Works to trees - six weeks’ notice must be given to the local planning authority before carrying out works to trees within a conservation area.

Consent is required for works to trees which are protected by a Tree Preservation Order.

Extensions to dwelling houses - domestic extensions within conservation areas which do not require planning consent are limited to single storey rear extensions and must be constructed from materials that are of similar appearance to the existing dwelling house. Size limits apply.

Curtilage buildings - in addition to the normal limitations that apply elsewhere, no buildings, enclosures, pools or containers can be erected to the side of a dwelling without planning permission.

Dormers - all dormer windows require planning consent within conservation areas.

Satellite dishes - satellite dishes on chimneys, front walls or on front roof slopes require planning consent in conservation areas.

External cladding - external cladding, for example with stone, tiles, artificial stone, plastic or timber requires planning consent in conservation areas.

Please note that this is only a brief summary and it is strongly advised that you contact Planning Services before undertaking any works to properties

within the Conservation Area.

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Planning Policy

Designation of a conservation area does not prevent change, but it requires recognition of the area’s historic value when assessing development through the planning and decision-making process. It is a means of highlighting the special qualities of a place and the importance of careful consideration in determining suitable development in these areas. Within a conservation area it is necessary to ensure that any works carried out, whether to existing buildings or in terms of new development, should, wherever possible, make a positive contribution to the area’s character and certainly should not harm or detract from it.

It is important to remember that it is not just buildings that form an area’s special interest. The spaces between buildings and the relationship of buildings to each other and their surrounding landscape are fundamental in establishing the historic character of an area. In addition, development proposals outside a conservation area can affect the setting of that area. Such developments can impact substantially on the area’s character or appearance and will therefore need to be considered carefully, particularly if they are large in scale or height.

Any new development should respect the scale, layout and materials of the existing architecture, as well as open spaces, trees and views. It is important that buildings of character and quality in their own right, and those which are of townscape value, are retained in conservation areas. Indeed, within conservation areas there is normally a presumption in favour of retaining buildings that make a positive contribution to the character of the area.

Planning controls, both from Central Government and through local policies, are more extensive than elsewhere, permitted development rights are more limited and the demolition of buildings and works to trees are controlled.

This character appraisal should be read in conjunction with the wider national and local planning policy and guidance. Relevant documents include: Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990

Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment: Historic Environment Planning Practice Guide

National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), March 2012

Replacement Calderdale Unitary Development Plan (RCUDP) - Adopted August 2006, as amended by Direction of the Secretary of State: 3rd August 2009.

In accordance with paragraph 215 of the NPPF, due weight will be given to policies in the RCUDP according to their degree of consistency with the NPPF (the closer the policies in the plan to the policies in the NPPF, the greater the weight that may be given) - the Spatial Planning Team will issue guidance as to the degree of consistency of all RCUDP policies in due course.

Calderdale Council’s Local Plan - an emerging document that will ultimately replace the Unitary Development Plan.

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Local Policy

Any planning, listed building or conservation area consent applications will be determined in accordance with national and local planning policy and guidance.

Local policies relating to conservation areas are currently included in the Replacement Calderdale Unitary Development Plan 2006 (RCUDP). However, it should be noted that the planning system has changed and, in the longer term, the RCUDP will be replaced by the Local Plan for Calderdale in line with national guidelines from Central Government.

At the time of writing, the following general policies apply from the RCUDP: GBE1 - The contribution of design to the quality of the built environment BE1 - General design criteria BE3 - Landscaping BE5 - The design and layout of highways and accesses BE6 - The provision of safe pedestrian environments BE14 - Alteration and extension of listed buildings BE15 - Setting of a listed building BE16 - Change of use of a listed building BE17 - Demolition of a listed building EP25 - Energy efficient development EP27 - Renewable energy in new developments NE21 - Trees and development sites NE22 - Protection of hedgerows NE23 - Protection of stone walls S16 - Shopfronts in new retail developments S17 - New and replacement shop fronts

This list is not exhaustive and other policies may apply.

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Specific RCUDP policies relating to conservation areas are set out in full below: BE18

Development within Conservation Areas

The character or appearance of conservation areas, defined on the Proposals Map, will be preserved or enhanced. New development and proposals involving the alteration or extension of a building in or within the setting of a conservation area will only be permitted if all the following criteria are met:-

i.

the form, design, scale, methods of construction and materials respect the characteristics of the buildings in the area, the townscape and landscape setting;

ii.

the siting of proposals respects existing open spaces, nature conservation, trees and townscape/roofscape features;

iii.

it does not result in the loss of any open space which makes an important contribution to the character of the conservation area or features of historic value such as boundary walls and street furniture; and

iv.

important views within, into and out of the area are preserved or enhanced.

BE19

Demolition within a Conservation Area

Development involving the demolition of an unlisted building within a conservation area will only be permitted if:-

i.

the structure makes no material contribution to the character or appearance of the area;

ii.

no other reasonable beneficial uses can be found for a building; and iii detailed proposals for the reuse of the site have been approved, where appropriate.

Where demolition is permitted, redevelopment should be undertaken within an agreed timescale, secured by condition on a planning approval. Wherever appropriate, it will be conditional upon a programme of recording being agreed and implemented prior to demolition.

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Plan of Land Use and Highway Materials

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Statutory List Descriptions of Registered Listed Buildings Church Hill, grade II Date listed: 19th July 1988 CHURCH HILL, 11-13, OLD LANE SOWERBY BRIDGE OLD LANE SE 0426 (east side, off), Luddenden 5/152 Nos 11-13 (consec) Church - Hill GV II Terrace of 3 dwellings, with underdwellings, now garages. Early-mid C19. Coursed squared atone, stone slate roof 4 storeys, the 2-storey underdwellings back-to- earth. One bay each. Openings have plain stone surrounds, the windows with flat- faced mullions. East front: each underdwelling has a doorway and an inserted garage door. Above, on each floor, is a 5-light window, the central light of the windows on the 2 upper floors wider. Plain gutter brackets on table. Stack to right end of each dwelling. Rear: 2 storeys. Each (upper) dwelling has a door to right of a single-light window and two 2-light windows above. Right gable has watershot stone.

Church Hill, grade II Date listed: 19th July 1988 CHURCH HILL, 5-10, OLD LANE SOWERBY BRIDGE OLD LANE SE 0426 (east side, off), Luddenden 5/151 Nos 5-10 (consec) Church - Hill GV II Terrace of 6 houses. Early C19. Coursed squared stone, stone slate roof. Two storeys, 1 bay each, Openings have plain Stone surrounds, doors with tie-stones, windows with flat-faced mullions. Each has door to left, a 4-light window to right, and a 5-light window with wider central light to first floor. Plain gutter brackets on table. Stack to right end of each. To right of No 10 later cart-arch with accommodation above linking this terrace to Nos 11-13 (qv). Rear: originally back- to-earth, each now has inserted ground-floor door and window; original 2-light windows above (two to each house). Left gable has watershot stone; one 2-light window.

2 and 4, Old Lane, grade II Date listed: 19th July 1988 OLD LANE Nos.2and4 SOWERBY BRIDGE OLD LANE SE 0426 (north side), Triangle 5/150 Nos 2 and 4 - GV II 3 cottages and one underdwelling, now two dwellings. Early-mid C19. Coursed squared stone, stone slate roof. 2 storeys with basement underdwelling below No 2 on right. 3 bays. Openings have plain stone surrounds, windows with flat- faced mullions. Underdwellings: door to left of 4-light window with shutter stanchions.

Ground floor: each cottage has door to left of 4-light, now 2-light, window, left-hand doorway now window, steps up to right-hand doorway having cast- iron handrail with wavy balusters. First floor: a 4-light, now 2-light, window to each cottage. Eaves table. Stacks between left-hand cottages and at right end. Rear: three 2-light windows to first floor.

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Lord Nelson Inn, grade II Date listed: 15th November 1966 LORD NELSON INN, HIGH STREET SOWERBY BRIDGE HIGH STREET SE 0426 (south side), Luddenden 5/87 Lord Nelson Inn 15.11.66 GV II "1634 House, now public house. Dated GCP". Rendered stone, stone slate roof. L-shaped plan with rear wing, 2 storeys. Double chamfered mullion windows. North front: 2 gabled bays: on right a board door in triangular-arched doorway with moulded arris, lintel dated. To left, a 2-light window, mullion removed, and an inserted opening to its left. Continuous hoodmould. On first floor a 5-light transomed window under hoodmould with decorative stops (left one restored).

Stack in left roof pitch. Right bay: inserted lst-floor window; gable stack. In its left return a blocked chamfered triangular-arched doorway (now with window) to left of a 5-light window; continuous hoodmould, returned from left bay. A 6-light window above. Rear: 3 gabled bays, outer bays projecting, that to left as wing. Central bay: door to right of 6-light window with king mullion (1 mullion removed); 6-light transomed window above (most mullions and transoms removed) under dripmould with decorative stops. Dripmould over ground floor openings continues round inner return of right hand bay, which otherwise has renewed openings. Left bay has later 1st floor doorway onto passage stair; in its right return a 4-light flat-faced mullion window to 1st floor and plain gutter brackets.

Luddenden Junior Church of England School, grade II Date listed: 19th July 1988 LUDDENDEN JUNIOR CHURCH OF ENGLAND SCHOOL, HIGH STREET SOWERBY BRIDGE HIGH STREET SE 0426 (west side), Luddenden 5/90 Luddenden Junior Church of England School GV II School. 1825, enlarged 1856, restored and extended 1928 (date plaques), further extended mid C20. Coursed, squared watershot stone; stone slate roof. 2 storeys with basement. 2 x 6 + 3 + 3 bays. Gable (road) front: openings have plain stone surrounds. Basement: right hand bay has 3 doorways, one blocked, the other 2 with old board doors the lintels inscribed 'MIDGLEY' and 'WARLEY' (gave access to 2 lock-ups for the use of the respective townships (which meet at Luddenden Brook)). Ground floor: two 3-light windows with wider central lights. 1st floor: 2 Venetian windows, the arched lights with keystones and imposts. A panel below each window, that to right recording foundation of school, that to left its enlargement. Oculus in gable. Gable stack.

Extension on left not of special interest. Right return: 6 left hand bays: on right blocked doorway with tiestones, now with window; to its left 5 square windows.

Above are 6 tall windows with tie stones, all windows with plain stone surrounds and projecting cills. Table; plain gutter brackets. 3 bays to right (1928): double door in architrave with cornice and plaque recording extension flanked by hexagonal windows. 1st floor windows, tabling and gutter brackets as left hand bays. Later 3-bay extension projecting on right not of special interest.

16 and 17 High Street, grade II Date listed: 19th July 1988 HIGH STREET Nos. 16 and 17 SOWERBY BRIDGE HIGH STREET SE 0426 (east side), Luddenden 5/88 - Nos 16 and 17 GVII. Dwelling (no 17), and underdwelling (no 16) now outbuilding. c.1800.

Coursed, squared, watershot stone; stone slate roof. 2 storeys, underdwelling at rear, 2 bays. Openings have plain stone surrounds, the windows with flat-faced mullions. West (road) front: quoins. Central C20 part-glazed door with 2-light window to right on each floor. Brick and stack to right. Rear: underdwelling has board door with 4-light window to left and 2-light window to right. The 2 floors above each have a 4-light and two 2-light windows that over door blocked. Paired plain gutter brackets.

Bridge House, grade II Date listed: 15th September 1977 BRIDGE HOUSE, 34, HIGH STREET SOWERBY BRIDGE HIGH STREET SE 0426 (east side), Luddenden 5/95 No 34 (Bridge House) 15.9.77 (formerly listed as Nos 34 and 35) GV II Two houses, now one. Late C18-early C19 with C17 basement. Thin coursed squared stone, stone slate roof. 3 storeys with basement, 2 bays. East (river) front: quoins. A 3-light double-chamfered mullion window to right in basement. Other windows have plain stone surrounds and flat-faced mullions: a 4-light and a 5-light window to ground floor; two 3-light windows to 1st and 2nd floors. End stacks. Rear: paired doorways.

Left return: blocked doorway, now with window.

Cross Base and Shaft approximately 20 metres south of west end of Church of St Mary, grade II Date listed: 19th July1988 CROSS BASE AND SHAFT APPROXIMATELY 20 METRES SOUTH OF WEST END OF CHURCH OF ST MARY, HIGH STREET SOWERBY BRIDGE HIGH STREET SE 0426 (north side, off), 5/92 Luddenden Cross base and shaft - approx 20 metres south of west end of Church of St Mary GV II Cross base with shaft. 1624 (Heginbottom). Stone. Chamfered rectangular base with square socket holding base of shaft which has stop-chamfered angles and hollow in centre of top. Churchyard cross ejected during the Civil War, discovered in the garden at Ellen Royd and returned early C20 (Heginbottom). J A Heginbottom, The Parish Church of St Mary the Blessed Virgin, Luddenden with Luddenden Foot, A Brief History and Guide(1984).

Chest Tomb approximately 7 metres south of Chancel of Church of St Mary, grade II Date listed: 19th July1988 CHEST TOMB APPROXIMATELY 7 METRES SOUTH OF CHANCEL OF CHURCH OF ST MARY, HIGH STREET SOWERBY BRIDGE HIGH STREET SE 0426 (north side, off), 5/93 Luddenden - Chest tomb approx 7 metres south of chancel of Church of St Mary GV II Chest tomb. Mid Cl7. For Thomas Murgatroyd of Murgatroyd and East Riddlesden Hall, d.1653 (Heginbottom). Coursed squared stone. Base: upper portions of corners have leaf carving; central bulbous decorative feature to north side. Top slab: lugged, with moulding (forming cornice to base); brass panels inset, 2 surviving, one with coat of arms. J A Heginbottom, The Parish Church of St Mary the Blessed Virgin, Luddenden with Luddenden Foot, A Brief History and Guide (1984).

Church of St Mary Blessed Virgin, grade II Date listed: 1st October 1985 CHURCH OF ST MARY THE BLESSED VIRGIN, HIGH STREET SOWERBY BRIDGE HIGH STREET SE 0426 (north side, off), 5/91 Luddenden 1.10.85 Church of St Mary the Blessed Virgin GV II Church. 1816-17 by Thomas Taylor of Leeds, alterations and extensions 1866 and 1910. Coursed squared stone, Welsh slate roof. Gothic style. West tower with south porch (now vestry) and north addition, nave, chancel. Tower: 2 stages. Offset clasping buttresses rise into crocketed finials. Embattled pent porch on south with blocked doorway.

West doorway with 2-light window above, both with hoodmoulds. All windows with Y-tracery. 2-light belfry openings, southern one with later clock face.

Embattled parapet. Nave: 4 bays defined by offset pilaster buttresses. Plinth. 3-light intersecting tracery window on left, others of 2 cusped lights with trefoils over, all with hoodmoulds. Cornice with gutter spouts; embattled gables. North windows of 3 lights with intersecting tracery. Tracery all of 1866. Chancel: 1866, extended 1910. 3 bays, lower and narrower than nave. Plinth, offset buttresses.

2-light Perpendicular-style windows; arched opening under right hand window.

Raised verge with gable cross. 5-light east window with rectilinear tracery.

Interior: nave has attached octagonal columns rising to window-head height Panelled roofs. In tower double stair with ramped handrail on straight and wavy iron balusters leads up to gallery (restored 1985/86). At back of church font dated 1662 has fluted base with rolled top supporting octagonal basin with carved panels to sides, one dated. Near to it is earlier tub font. Near the Victorian pulpit is an early C19 font with octagonal base, concave shaft and small cyma-moulded bowl. Some C18 monuments including one in south porch to James Farrer of Ewood Hall, d.1718, having swags and cherubs beneath a cartouche surmounted by arms with festoons. In south-east wall of nave brass memorial plate to William Grimshaw, d.1763, incumbent of Haworth who introduced Methodism to that area. Benefaction boards in tower. This church is the third to be built on the site. A cross wall being inserted in nave and other alterations being undertaken at the time of resurvey. J A Heginbottom, The Parish Church of St Mary the Blessed Virgin, Luddenden with Luddenden Foot, A Brief History and Guide (1984).

Bridge approximately 10 metres north of Tower of Church of St Mary, grade II Date listed: 19th July 1988 BRIDGE APPROXIMATELY 10 METRES NORTH OF TOWER OF CHURCH OF ST MARY, HIGH STREET SOWERBY BRIDGE HIGH STREET SE 0426 (north side, off), 5/105 Luddenden Bridge approx 10 metres - north of tower of Church of St Mary GV II Bridge. Dated 1859. Ashlar. Single segmental arch with moulded band and parapet of large blocks with recessed moulded panel bearing date. Coping, rising over date panel. End piers with plinths, recessed trefoil-headed panels and stepped pyramidal caps. Partly in the parish of Warley.

10, 11 and 12 (formerly listed as No. 10 and 11), the Coach House, High Street, grade II Date Listed: 15th September 1977 SOWERBY BRIDGE HIGH STREET SE 0426 (west side), Luddenden 5/86 Nos 10, 11 and 12 15.9.77 (formerly listed as Nos 10 and 11) GV II Industrial building (Nos. 10 and 11) and cottage (No. 12) now all one house. Mid C18, cottage added and alterations early-mid C19. Coursed squared stone, stone slate roof. 2 storeys with basement, 2 bays, cottage to rear left. Openings have plain stone surrounds, windows with flat faced mullions. East (river) front: large quoins to ground and 1st floor. Two 4-light windows to ground floor; two 3-light windows above; c1980 ridge stack. Rear: left bay has segmental arched barn door with c1980 glazing, tiestones, imposts and voussoirs. Above is a tall 2-light window with sunk panel beneath. Cottage projects on right and its left return has a 2-light basement window; on ground floor a door on left and two 2-light windows all under steps which rise to 1st floor door. Left return: main range has a 3-light window with a 2-light and 1-light window above. Cottage has a 2-light window on left of c1980 door; two 2-light windows to ground floor; a 2-light and a 3-light window to 1st floor (mullions renewed).

23, 24 and 25, High Street, grade II Date listed: 19th July 1988 HIGH STREET Nos. 23, 24 AND 25 SOWERBY BRIDGE HIGH STREET SE 0426 (west side), Luddenden 5/89 - Nos 23, 24 and 25 - II Row of 3 cottages with shop now incorporated in no 25.

Mid-late C18. Thin coursed stone, stone slate roof. 2 storeys, 1 bay each, shop on right. Openings have plain stone surrounds, windows with flat-faced mullions.

Each cottage has a C20 door on left, a 3-light window on right, a 5-light window above and a stack at right end. Shop has door on left, a 2-light window to each floor and no stack (unheated).

1, 2 and 3, Duke Street, grade II Date listed: 19th July 1988 DUKE STREET Nos.1, 2 AND 3 SOWERBY BRIDGE DUKE STREET SE 0226 & SE 0326 (west side) , Luddenden 4/66 Nos l, 2 and 3 GV II 3 cottages. Early-mid C19, Coursed squared stone, stone slate roof. 2 storeys, 2 bays, No 3 to rear of No 2. Openings have plain stone surrounds, windows with flat-faced mullions. Nos 1 and 2 each have a C20 glazed door on right, a 3-light window on left and a 5-light window above, the mullions of No l's windows removed. Plain gutter brackets on table. Central ridge stack. Right return: door on right with blocked window to its right; a 2-light window to 1st floor; and a keyed lunette in gable.

4-8, Duke Street, grade II Date listed: 19th July 1988 DUKE STREET, 4-8 SOWERBY BRIDGE DUKE STREET SE 0226 & SE 0326 (west side), Luddenden 4/67 Nos 4-8 (consec) GV II Terrace of 5 cottages. Late C18 early C19. Coursed squared stone, stone slate roof. 2 storeys, each one bay, No 8 with added single-storey bay. Openings have plain stone surrounds, windows with flat-faced mullions. Each has door to right, except No 4 (door to left), and a 4-light window to ground floor with a 5-light window above. Plain gutter brackets on table. Stack to left end of each cottage, except No 4 (to right end). No 8's added bay, probably c1980, has a 5-light window and is pent-roofed.

Carr Well, grade II Date listed: 19th July1988 CARR WELL, NEW ROAD SOWERBY BRIDGE NEW ROAD SE 0425 (west side), Luddenden 7/142 Carr Well - II 2 cottages now all one. Early C19. Coursed squared stone, stone slate roof. 2 storeys, each cottage 1 bay. Openings have plain stone surrounds, windows with flat-faced mullions. Each cottage has door on right of 3-light window with 5-light window above, door to left cottage blocked and with C20 2-light window. Stack to left end of each cottage. Rear: four 2-light windows to 1st floor. c1980 single-storey extension to right and rear not of special interest.

Barn approximately 14 metres to North East of Greave House, grade II Date listed: 19th July1988 BARN APPROXIMATELY 14 METRES TO NORTH EAST OF GREAVE HOUSE, NAYLOR LANE SOWERBY BRIDGE NAYLOR LANE SE 0225-0325 (east side, off), 6/138 Luddenden - Barn approx 14 metres to north-east of Greave House GV II Barn.

Late C18-early C19. Coursed squared stone, corrugated roof. 2 storeys, 3 bays.

Quoins. Central quoined round-arched cart-entry with imposts, keystone and board doors. Other openings have plain stone surrounds and comprise imposts, keystone and board door to each end with window on its inside and a keyed Venetian window over cart-entry flanked by lunettes. Paired chamfered gutter brackets on table. Left return: blocked door and window to ground floor; 2 blocked windows above; owl hole in gable. Right return: owl hole in gable.